Commonly Available

Cable Grommet

Max Cable Size	Hole Size for Enclosure
ø	ø

Cable Gland

Max Cable Size	Hole Size for Enclosure
ø5.0mm	ø
ø6mm
ø6.5mm
ø7.0mm
ø8.0mm
ø9.0mm
ø10.0mm
ø12.0mm
ø13.0mm
ø14.0mm
ø16.0mm
ø17.0mm
ø18.0mm
ø20.0mm
ø21.0mm
ø25.0mm

Kai Chin (hole size, cable size)

• 12.5mm, 6mm
• 15mm, 8mm
• 18.5mm, 10mm
• 20.5mm, 11.5mm
• 22.5mm, 13mm

SM Systems (hole size, cable size)

• M12 (3.0-6.5mm)
• M16 (6.0-10.5mm)
• M20 (8.5-14.0mm)
• M25 (12.5-18.0mm)
• M32 (18.0-25.0mm)
• M40 (24.0-32.0mm)
• M50 (30.0-40.0mm)
• M63 (44.0-50.0mm)

SM Systems (hole size, conduit tubing fittings size), Watertight Corrugated Tubing Fittings

• M20 (16-22mm)
• M25 (22-28.5mm)
• M32 (34.5mm)
• M40 (42mm)
• M50 (48mm)
• M63 (55mm)

PVC Female Adaptor, Normal Electrical Plastic Conduit Tubing Fittings (hole size, conduit tubing fittings standard size)

• M20 (15mm)
• M25 (19mm)

Switches selection list for your electronic design. The list contains simple images and the commonly used names for the switches. This will help you as an electronic designer to source for the switch that they are looking for.

Scroll down this page further to choose the switch product that you are looking for.

Get the exact Switch that you need?

A switch is a simple device that can make an electrical connection. It is like short-ing two pieces of wire together. There are many switch configuration to choose from depending on your application.

To get the precise switch characteristic and switching configuration, it is important to study the technical jargon commonly used to describe a switch. Knowing these can help you pick the right switch for your project.

Switch Contact Type

Switching Characteristic

Type of switching characteristic:

Switching Characteristic	Common Available	Description
ON-OFF	*	This is a ST switch. Switch to one side will make the connection. Switching to the other side is an open connection.
(ON)-OFF	*	This is a ST switch. Switching the switch to ON will make the connection. Release it, the switch will automatically spring back to the off position. This is also known as a momentary switch.
ON-(OFF)		ST switch similar to a “(ON)-OFF” except that the default is at the “ON” position. Momentary OFF.
ON-ON		This is a DT switch.
ON-(ON)		This is a DT switch. Spring return default position to the “ON” position. Momentary on the “(ON)” position.
ON-OFF-ON	*	This is a 3-throw switch. Switching to either side will connect the respective switch. The switch will be “OFF” if it is switched to the middle.
ON-OFF-(ON)		This is a 3-throw switch similar to “ON-OFF-ON”. One of the “ON” side is momentary.
(ON)-OFF-(ON)	*	This is a 3-throw switch similar to “ON-OFF-ON”. Both the “ON” side is momentary. When release, the switch is always in the middle OFF position.

Legend:

• * means that this type of switching characteristic is commonly available in the market.
• (..) bracket means that the switch position is momentary (will not latch or hold on to the position if you release the lever),
• “ON” or “OFF” without a bracket means that it is a latch position,
• “OFF” means that there is no connection mate between throw.

Switching characteristic (For switch with 2 or more throw. Typically for sliding switch.):

• non-Shorting (typically) – contact is break first before making contact with the next contact.
• Shorting – contact is short with the next contact, before breaking with the previous contact.

Jumper Header Switch (for PCB)

Tactile Push Button Switch (for PCB)

DIP Switch (for PCB)

Sliding Switch

Metal Dome (Snap Domes) Tactile

Toggle Switch

Metallic Chassis Mount Switch (with illumination ring)

Arcade Button Switches

Cherry Switches (Mechanical Switches)

   Cherry Switches

Custom Cherry switch key cap

• http://www.fentek-ind.com/keys.htm#.WNtdDmclFhE
• http://www.keypop.net/, http://keypop.bigcartel.com/
• http://www.maxkeyboard.com/
• https://techkeys.us/collections/keys
• http://www.keycapsdirect.com/index.php

Compatible Cherry Switches Brands

• Gateron
• Kailh
• Greetech
• Outemu

Reference:

• Reddit, https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/46x3gs/guide_the_bottomfeeder_guide_to_mkb_shopping_ie/

Emergency Push Switch

    

Key Lock Switch

Wall Switch (Momentary)

Screw Supplier Location on Singapore’s map

Screw Suppliers in Singapore

Yong Seng (at French Road, Ubi, Ang Mo Kio)

Website: http://www.ysscrews.com/

E-mail: kaelenhoon@ysspl.com, eddiehoon@ysspl.com, chew@ysspl.com, doreenwong@ysspl.com

Blk 802, French Road, #01-57, Singapore 200802, Tel: 6294 1866, Fax: 6294 1178, 08.30am – 05.30pm (Mon-Fri), 08.30am – 03.00pm (Sat)

Blk 3026, Ubi Road 1, #01-186, Singapore 408719, Tel: 6744 8282 / 6744 8787, Fax: 6749 2855, 08.30am – 05.30pm (Mon-Fri), 08.30am – 03.00pm (Sat)

Blk 3, AMK Tech 1, #01-04, Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park 2A, Singapore 568050, Tel: 6481 8484, Fax: 6481 7090, 08.30am – 05.30pm (Mon-Fri)

Pan Sun Hardware Pte. Ltd.

Website: http://www.pansun.com/

Email: enquiry@pansun.com

803 King George’s Ave, Singapore 200803

Tel: 6296 3180 (6 lines), Fax: 6297 0642 / 6294 0996

Kian Soon Hardware & Trading Pte. Ltd.

Website: http://www.kiansoon.com.sg/

Poey Huat Hardware (S) Pte. Ltd.

Website: http://www.poeyhuat.com/

Thor International Pte. Ltd.

Self-clinching nut, standoff

Website: https://www.thorintl.com/

CT-Tech Pte. Ltd.

Self-clinching nut, standoff (不锈钢 盲孔 压铆螺母柱 压铆螺柱)

Website: http://www.cttech.com.sg/

Central Engineering

Website: http://www.centralengineering.com.sg/

Bossard

Website: http://www.bossard.com/

Ang Hoe Seng Hardware

Kampong Ubi Industrial Estate #01-102, 3027 Ubi Road 1, Signapore 408720, Tel: 6743 1114

TAT ENG

Website: http://tateng.com.sg/

Email: sales@tateng.com.sg

Main Office: No. 15 Gul Ave, Singapore 629658, Tel: 6266 1900, Fax: 6266 6105

Joo Metal: No. 19 Gul Drive, Singapore 629502, Tel : 6862 8203, Fax : 6862 7556

Kaki Bukit Branch- No. 73 Kaki Bukit Ave 1, Shun Li Industrial Park, Singapore 417949, Tel : 6742 8278, Fax : 6742 8720

Sembawang Branch- No. 10 Admiralty Street, #01-89, North Link Building, Singapore 757695, Tel : 6853 3667, Fax : 6752 2966

Ang Mo Kio Branch- Blk 5068 Ang Mo Kio, Industrial Park 2, #01-1441, Singapore 569571, Tel : 6482 5440, Fax : 6482 5346

Soon Lee Branch- No. 1 Soon Lee Street, #01-20, Pioneer Centre, Singapore 627605, Tel : 6369 9208, Fax : +65 6369 9210

Tuas Branch- 100 Tuas South Avenue 2, West Point Bizhub, Singapore 637455, Tel : 6793 2331, Fax : 6793 0850

Pioneer Branch- Blk 25 Pioneer Road North, #01-122, Singapore 628469, Tel : 6265 0203, Fax : 6265 7320

SIN HONG Hardware Pte. Ltd.

Website: http://www.sinhong.com/ (Good)

Email: sales@sinhong.com.sg

No. 3 Kian Teck Crescent, Singapore 628881, Tel: 6265 1555, Fax: 6265 0555

11 Syed Alwi Road, #01-06, Teck Heng Long Industrial Building, Singapore, 207629, Tel: 6297 2088, Fax: 6296 8244

8B, Admiralty Street #01-09, Singapore 757440, Tel: (65) 6481 8466, Fax: (65) 6481 7594

PS Fasteners

Website: http://www.psfasteners.com/

Email: sales@psfasteners.com

9 Tampines Industrial Drive, #01-03, Singapore 528543, Tel: 6747 7080, Fax: 6742 0642

Hoe Huat Hardware (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

Website: http://www.hoehuat.com/

Email: RFQ@HoeHuat.com

Block 25, Pioneer Road North, #01-128, Singapore 628469, Tel: 6264 0228, Fax: 6264 0635

Wing Tai Fastener Manufacturer

Website: http://www.wingtai-fastener.com/

C.E.Fasteners Pte. Ltd.

Website: http://cefasteners.com/

Email: Sales@CEFasteners.com

Blk 5070 Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park 2, #01-1509, Singapore 569573

Tel: 6752 2377, 6752 3077, Fax: 6752 3177

Others

Check out other mechanical resources,

• mechanical prototyping resources
• mechanical material resources

Commonly available LCD display (alphanumeric, dot matrix) configuration and dimension.

Alphanumeric LCD Display (16 x 2, 1602)

2.95 x 5.15mm character size, 16 Chars x 2 Lines. Commonly available.

Pin-out

Pin No.	Name	Function
1	Gnd
2	5V
3	VEE	Contrast adjustment voltage
4	RS	Register select (1=data, 0=instruction)
5	R/!W	1=read, 0=write
6	E	Enable
7	D0	Data bit 0
8-13	D1-D6	Data bit 1-6
14	D7	Data bit 7
15	A	LED + (Backlight)
16	K	LED – (Backlight)

Reference:

• http://www.circuitstoday.com/a-note-on-character-lcd-displays

Alphanumeric LCD Display (20 x 4, 2004)

5mm character size, 20 Chars x 4 Lines (MIDAS LCD Display)

Pin-out

same as the alphanumeric LCD display above.

Dot Matrix LCD Display (128 x 64, 12864)

Pin No.	Name	Function
1	5V
2	Gnd
3	V0	Contrast adjustment voltage
4	D0	Data bit 0
5	D1-D6	Data bit 1-6
6	D7	Data bit 7
7	CS2	Chip select signal for IC2
8-13	CS1	Chip select signal for IC1
14	!RST	Reset Signal
15	R/!W	1=read, 0=write
16	RS	Register select (1=data, 0=instruction)
17	E	Enable
18	VEE	Contrast adjustment voltage
19	A	LED + (Backlight)
20	K	LED – (Backlight)

Check out the documentation for the display controller chip KS0108 or T6963c. Application notes for T6963c

Reference:

• http://embeddedlaboratory.blogspot.sg/2016/06/graphical-lcd-128×64-part-1.html

Raw LCD Display (TN, HTN, STN, FSTN LCD Display)

This screen module is typically has to be custom made. Each pixel is a patch of custom graphic. The advantage of use this raw display is the low power consumption.

The pin out will be unique to each custom display panel. The pins are usually consist of SEGMENTS and COMMONS. These are like vertical and horizontal pins which can allows time multiplexing of the pixel display to reduce the number of pins required.

The disadvantge of this display is the need to drive each pixel with an alternating voltage. This makes it troublesome to drive. A driver is usually used for this LCD interface. Example of a driver will be for example, HOLTEK HT1621B, HT1620, HT1621, HT1622, HT16220, HT1623, HT1625, HT1626.

There is a term “bias”. This basically means the multiplexing. 1/2 means it is multiplexing 2 columns, 1/3 means multiplexing 3 columns. The more it multiplex, the quality (contrast) of the LCD display gets lower due to the lower display frequency. As long as the display frequency is >30Hz, you shouldn’t see any flickering.

For more raw LCD customise information, check out the following link.

http://www.displaybly.com/lcd-news/11-points-confirm-before-quote-a-custom-lcd-screen/

Other LCD driver

• HT1621B (48 TSSOP)
• tm1668
• PCF8576 (56 TSSOP)
• AY0438 (DIP-40)
• PCF2100CT (SO28, 2COMx20SEG)
• PCF2111T (VSO-40, 2COMx32SEG)
• PCF2112C (VSO-40)

Simple LCD driver for 1x COM

• 74HC164

Elastomeric Strips for raw LCD panel module

Elastomeric strips is a special rubber cushion material which acts as a cushion and conductor for tracks. It is often found with non-pins raw LCD module.

Commonly Available Electronic Components for Design Engineers

This is the main reference page which provides a list of the commonly available electronic components, parts, accessories for your electronic design selection.

If you are an electronic designer, you are welcome to bookmark this page for your future design reference.

Connectors

• PCB Mount Connectors

Passive Components

• Common Resistors
• Common Capacitors

Capacitor Types (selection)

• Ceramic capacitor
• Polymer capacitor
• Film capacitor (Metallized film, Foil firm, Polypropylene film or PP film, Polyyester film, etc…)
• Aluminum Electrolytic capacitors
• Tantalum Electrolytic capacitors
• Niobium Electrolytic capacitors
• Super capacitor
• Silver Mica capacitor
• Variable capacitor
• etc…

 

• smd, surface mount
• through hole
• radial style
• screw terminal

Display

• LCD Display Alphanumeric & Dot Matrix

Switches

• Switches
• PCB mount tactile switches
• Metalic panel mount switches

Microcontrollers

• Microchip Microcontrollers Selection
• Atmel Microcontrollers Selection

PCB Accessories

• PCB Standoff

Cable Selection Guide

• Belden cable selection.

 

AC Power Plug

• UK Plug (3 pins)
• EU Plug (2 pins)
• IEC C13 plug (230Vac, 10A)
• IEC C7 plug (230Vac, 2.5A)

Reference:

• International plug reference: https://www.iec.ch/world-plugs
• https://www.interpower.com/ic/designers/designing-for-export/guides-and-charts/IEC-60320-Appliance-and-Interconnection-Couplers.html

Product Accessories for Projects

• AC-DC Power Supply
• Sounder Beacon (warning/alert)

Mechanical Resources

• Mechanical prototyping
• Materials
• Screws, washer, nuts, mechanical accessories
• Cable grommet, cable watertight gland
• Rubber feet for enclosure (rubber leg base for casing)

Software

Electrical Single Line Drawing Schematic Tools

• ProfiCAD, https://www.proficad.com/

Admin Tools

• Screenshot capture tool, https://app.prntscr.com/en/index.html

Others

• Serial Communication Standard
• Reverse Engineering Resources